IFV (Schützenpanzer)

IFV (short IFV ) t are light to medium armored vehicles with a maximum combat weight of 25-40. They transport infantry into battle and give their effective fire support in combat. Armored personnel have in the rear seat for up to 10 mostly infantry or mechanized infantry and have a more powerful armament and armor as a transport vehicle . Armored vehicles are usually tracked vehicles , some armored personnel carriers but also fall into the same category ( Wheeled ).

Contents 1 Description 1.1 Definition of the OSCE 1.2 General 1.3 Armament 1.4 Panzerung 1.5 use way 1.6 Mobility 2 History 3 Typen 3.1 VolksrepublikChina 3.2 Germany 3.3 France 3.4 UK 3.5 Italien 3.6 Austria 3.7 Sweden 3.8 Switzerland 3.9 Singapur 3.10 sitemap 3.11 Südkorea 3:12 Soviet Union/Russia 3.13 Spain 3.14 USA

Description

Definition of the OSCE

The Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) defines the term "armored" in the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe (CFE) of November 1990, in Article II, as follows: "infantry fighting vehicle (IFV)" means an armored combat vehicle primarily for the transport of an infantry group designed and equipped, it is the soldiers normally allows, protected by the armor of the vehicle to shoot out, and with an integral or organic cannon of at least 20 mm caliber , and occasionally with a launcher for anti-tank guided weapons armed is. The armored personnel serve as the principal weapon system of armored, mechanized or motorized infantry formations and units of ground forces .

General

Armored transport tanks are basically similar, they also serve five to ten infantrymen to transport their equipment into battle. They allow infantry forces to keep up with the speed and high mobility off-road armor step and assist in combined arms combat. Armored vehicles are generally more armed and armored infantry fighting vehicles, which can even attack effectively. However, they are not intended for design-related battles with battle tanks, since they were in the cannon -armed (ie artillery) is far inferior. Like all modern armored vehicles, the armored personnel have an ABC -protection equipment.

The main differences compared to the IFV armored personnel carriers and armored transport vehicles are:

• heavier weapons (except the direct fire support also enables effective attacks)
• stronger armor (which is not only against infantry weapons (caliber up to 7.62 mm) in general and artillery splinters and shrapnel , but also against heavy machine guns (12.7 to 14.5 mm) machine guns or (provides greater than 20 mm) protection )

Armored tracked vehicles are usually, but there are also those with rubber wheels. These are usually faster than armored with chain drive, but have a slightly worse (though still good) road capability.
While the infantry fighting in comparison to the modern are battle tanks (English Main Battle Tank , MBTs) significantly armed weaker and armored, but they can also carry heavy anti-tank guided weapons with them, which are compared with battle tanks should not be underestimated threat.

Armament

The typical weapon is a machine gun of caliber 20 to 30 mm - less frequently or larger caliber guns like the Bofors L70-B, which uses the CV9040 the Swedish Armed Forces - plus light, medium and heavy anti-tank missiles. For example, has the German Marder on a 20-mm machine cannon (BMK) MK 20 Rh 202 , a turret machine gun (TMG) MG3 (7.62 mm) and a smoke grenade launcher with six throwing cups. Optional on the tower, a guided missile (LFK) type MILAN be mounted and fired. The U.S. M2 Bradley has a 25 mm M242 Bushmaster -MK and launch canister for the TOW system .
The arming with missiles from SPz partly dangerous Panzerjäger made, such as the U.S. M2 Bradley destroyed in the third Gulf War in early 2003 more Iraqi armored vehicles as the main battle tank M1 Abrams .

Armor

IFV have an effective armor that protects them from shrapnel fragments and the fire of medium to heavy machine guns. Often additional armor increase on the front and the sides (side skirts) this further, in part, by additional mounted in elements reactive armor to protect against transmissible held antitank weapons and anti-tank guided weapons with shaped charge warhead, which mainly street fighting - - but also in the open field be used.

Use way

The fight can be either from the vehicle (over the side, out of hatches or special fire iris out) or dismounted to take place in pure infantry combat. The infantry can fight usually both from inside the armored tank and from outside. These methods are called to struggle or fight dismounted. The number of soldiers who can leave the tank to lead the dismounted combat is, as Absitzstärke called. Armored vehicles are usually in conjunction with battle tanks for combined arms combat used, but also the support of infantry serve particularly to combat forces in asymmetric warfare .

Mobility

SPz generally have high performance and achieve speeds of up to 85 km / h with a range of approximately 200 - 450 km. They are among the fastest tracked vehicles in general.

History

The concept of the armored personnel carrier was originally developed for the German Wehrmacht back to the late 1930s, light, armored armored cars like the Sd.Kfz. 251 and Sd.Kfz. 250 developed in order to protect their armored infantry before dismounting from enemy gunfire and fragmentation grenades, and this in the fight to support their board with machine guns. This early armored personnel were very soon with stronger armor (which also protect against gunfire guaranteed) and to a small extent also with lightanti-tank guns fitted. This should give the armored infantry possible without the support of heavy tanks to ward off enemy armor attacks and attack heavily fortified positions. Even after the war, this concept has been continued. Such varied the NVA of the GDR by armored personnel carriers ( IFV as the BMP-1 and BMP-2 ) and armored personnel carriers ( SPW as the SPW-60 and SPW-70 ). Armored personnel had followed the ability to fight tanks with their weapons (gun and anti-tank guided weapons). Armored personnel carriers were used primarily to transport infanteristischer forces and fire support with machine guns. Today, the armored personnel carriers are designated due to their heavy armament usually less than armored - but they can, depending on the model with the appropriate weapons and equipment often are used as armored.

In the late 1950s, came up with the idea to design in addition to transport tanks and armored personnel carriers, a special armored vehicle that was to serve as a link between the existing transport and armored personnel carriers. This new armored vehicle should have a heavier armament and armor than previous armored, so the infantry to give far more clout. Even the development of the battle tank in the 2nd World War II had shown that it was in combat usually proves advantageous when an armored vehicle to multitask at the same time and can react flexibly to different situations in combat. These findings have now been applied to the development of the armored tank. Such armored newer type should be in addition to the transport of infantry also be able to destroy enemy battle tanks and meet the needs of their own infantry to heavy fire support.
The first vehicle of this new approach was the Soviet BMP , who was from the early 1960s, first built and tested. The Western powers were unpleasantly surprised, as this armored personnel at a military parade in November 1967 appeared on the Red Square in Moscow for the first time in public. The BMP was as amphibious tracked vehicle designed with a very low profile held. The armament consisted of a 73-mm smoothbore gun and an overlying launcher for anti-tank guided weapon (PAL) type 9M14 Maljutka . His heavily sloped front armor offered protection against the heavy 12.7 mm machine guns (.50 caliber) of NATO , while his gun for the APC and the rocket for the battle tanks of NATO was a threat. Because this is not exactly a lightweight armament Western observers were the BMP for a far more armored combat vehicle, which turned out to be a mistake, however, quickly, and the real purpose was obvious. The BMP took a turn so that the armored vehicles to a special armored infantry combat vehicle.
Another said BMP conceptually and visually similar vehicle of this type is also the Soviet BMD , a much smaller especially for the airborne troops developed amphibious infantry fighting vehicle. This vehicle appeared in 1970 with the same 73-mm smoothbore gun and was also an anti-tank missile of the type 9M14 Maljutka of firing.
Since the introduction of more advanced to today is that BMP (in the first run as a BMP-1 has not yet been fully convincing) have introduced all the major and even some of the smaller armies armored modern type or partially developed and built. The armored personnel have also proven to be very versatile. Not least because of their good mobility originated (and created) on the basis of their many varieties, such as anti-aircraft tank , tank destroyer (with rockets), observation tank , armored vehicle launched bridges , armored ambulance and other special tanks.

Types

People's Republic of China

• ZBD97

Germany

• Marder
• Puma

France [ Edit ]

• AMX-10P
• VBCI

Great Britain

• Warrior
• FV 432

Italy

• VCC-1 "Camillino" (development of the U.S. M113 )
• Dart
• Freccia (Radschützenpanzervariante the Centauro , Projektbez. Centauro VBC )

Austria

• Saurer
• Ulan (Pizarro in Spanien)

Sweden [ Edit ]

• Combat Vehicle 90

Switzerland

CV90

• CV90 "armored 2000"
• MOWAG Piranha ' armored 93 "(8 × 8 wheeled tank - also APC) Achtli-eight
• M113 "armored 63/73"

Singapur

• Bionix
• Terrex

South Africa

• Ratel (6x6 armored personnel carriers - also APC)

South Korea

• K21 NIFV

Soviet Union / Russia

• BMP-1
• BMP-2
• BMP-3
• BMD-1
• BMD-2
• BMD-3
• BMD-4
• BRDM-1
• BRDM-2 (SPW 40)
• BTR-T
• BTR-60 (SPW 60)

Spain

• Pizarro ("Ulan" in Österreich)

USA

• M113 (actually an armored transport)
• M2 Bradley
• Piranha (8 × 8 wheeled tank - also APC)
• Stryker (8 × 8 wheeled vehicle - also APC)