APC 1 "Fuchs"
Crew
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2 + 8 depending on the installation and conversion kit
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Long
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6,83 m (Standard)
6,88 m (MSA)
7,11 m (EloKa)
7,17 m (Funk)
7,30 m (ABC)
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Width
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2,98 m
3,04 m (MSA)
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Height
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2.30 m (without antennas)
2.37 m (ABC)
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Mass
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16.5 t (EloKa)
17 t (standard, Funk und ABC)
19 t (MSA)
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Steel armor
adapted composite armor (MSA)
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Main armament
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up to three 7.62-mm MG3 or two 7.62-mm MG3 and an anti-tank missile MILAN
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Secondary armament
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no
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Drive
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Mercedes-Benz 8-Zylinder-Diesel Engine Type FOR 402A mit Abgasturbolader , 12,763 cm ³
Mercedes-Benz 6-Zylinder-Diesel Engine Type FOR 501LA block Abgasturbolader und Ladeluftkühler , 11,946 cm ³ (MSA)
FOR 402A: 235 kW (320 PS)
FOR 501LA: 315 kW (428 PS)
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Suspension
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hydraulic shock absorbers, coil springs
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Top speed
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96 km / h (road)
10 km / h (water with propeller)
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Power / weight
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13,8 kW/t
14,2 kW/t (EloKa)
16,6 kW/t (MSA)
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Range
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800 km (road)
400 + km (terrain)
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Development
The development of the fox began in 1961 and was part of the planned second-generation all-terrain armored wheeled vehicles for the German Bundeswehr . Daimler-Benz was awarded the 1962 contract for concept testing. In 1964, the trial of the six prototypes with a combat weight of between 7 and 10 tons (was Unimog SH, T) and by the Swiss company Mowag developed vehicle stopped for the floating operation.
That same year, a new approach with new requirements followed in accordance with the NATO standards divided into Nutzklassen 0.5, 2, 4, 7 and 10 tonnes (t). To realize this project further, the army undertook the attempt to win the vehicle manufacturer for cooperation. About the Association of German Automobile Manufacturers succeeded, the company Henschel , Bussing , KHD , Krupp and MAN to take under contract. Daimler-Benz took part in 1966 as a competitor in the tender.
1968 introduced the two candidates their prototypes before. A year later, the army changed its requirements in 1964 and again demanded only an armored, all-terrain, amphibious transporter with NBC protection , a minimum payload of two tons and a total payload of four tons.
In subsequent years, the project was developed. Daimler-Benz was given by his version of the contract for the development of the transport vehicle (6 × 6) and the Spähpanzer 2 "Lynx" for the removal of the scout car Hotchkiss 11-2 and M41 . In 1973 focused on the further development of the transport tank and realized the universal applicability. Ten armored 1 were at the Federal Office for Defence Technology and Procurement delivered (BWB) for troop testing. A study on the APC 2 (4 × 4) and light reconnaissance tanks 3 (4 × 4) was allowed in 1979 with the serial production of the transport tank 1 by Thyssen - Henschel in Kassel fall as a general contractor.
The pioneering amphibious reconnaissance vehicle (APE) on the basis of the study APC 2, now in the Army Technical Study Collection Koblenz be visited. A model with a 20-mm machine cannon also not reached the production stage.
1031 to 1993 vehicles were delivered to the German Army and replaced the IFV Hotchkiss and M113 in parts of their function.
Fox 1
The Fox 1 is an armored wheeled tank with all-wheel-drive and swimming. He is in most branches of the German Army and is used by its built-in conversion kits and all-rounders in the Armed Forces for the transportation of material and people on the battlefield. In addition, some of the armored vehicle are as arbitrators in combat training center of the army used.Structure
The vehicle consists of a monocoque welded armored tank and armored glass panels with fire. She is teilgeschottet and provides the crew protection against numerous handguns and splitter. The pan is divided into drivers, engines and transport space . The driver's compartment is through a crawling tunnel, which passes right at the machine room, connected to the cargo space. For protection againstweapons of mass destruction , all versions of a NBC protective ventilation system with a capacity of three cubic meters per minute. For night driving, the driver has an image intensifier -propelled device that can be used instead of the angle mirror. In floating operation of the tank is driven by two propellers. The time required for the water ride surge shield can be folded hydraulically.Engine and chassis
Powering the fox without additional armor of an 8-cylinder diesel engine (type: OM 402A) from the OM-400 by Mercedes Benz. Arranged in a V shape and equipped with two turbochargers, the engine delivers with a displacement of 12,763 cm ³ 235 kW (320 hp) at 2,500 rpm.The speed limit is 96 kilometers per hour (km / h) and can be briefly increased h to 130 km /. The minimum speed is four km / h Its permanent all-wheel drive in conjunction with its chassis give it both on and off the road a high mobility and safety. His two steering axles allow him this a turning circle of 17 meters. The chassis has a ground clearance of 40 cm.During operation of the swimming takes control of the commander of the front passenger door and serves two thrusters of the fox on a kind of joystick, the so-called "floating handle" that allows pivoting of the propeller at 360 °. Are powered by a joint steering propeller shaft intermediate bearing for the main distributor. The speed of the counter-rotating propeller is proportional to engine speed and is controlled by the driver. The swim drive allows the fox a swimming speed of up to ten km / h
Armament
The arming of the fox is primarily intended for self-defense. Thus, the variations of the Bundeswehr have a maximum of three machine guns MG3 on Free Indicative carriage. This option is applicable only when the troop carriers used. The first machine gun is on the rotary ring mount mounted to the front passenger door and another on the rear hatch and fight, in exceptional cases. on the commander's hatch in the vehicle center By the theoretical target range of 360 °, this possibility is seldom used.When the troop carriers with anti-tank weapon MILAN only two MG3 are provided. The starting system of MILAN is installed on the commander's hatch and allows the infantry combat armored vehicles. All other variants, except the ambulances have at least an MG3 on the passenger door.
For self-protection of the crew of the fox is a smoke grenade launcher with six throwing cups available to escape with fog or smoke grenades, the vehicle of the view of the attacker can.
For organizations of first responders has been since deploying in Somalia in 1993 worked on a zusatzgepanzerten fox with 20-millimeter cannon. Equipped with a turret of Keller and Knappich Augsburg ( KUKA ) Defense Technology, now also part of Rheinmetall, and Rh 202by Rheinmetall decreed the fox-KRK on an approximately equal firepower as the Marder and should take over the task of convoy escort.Due to technical difficulties and serious deficiencies, the project was discontinued in 1999.
The 1A8 wear after admission, the remotely operated wea
pon station FLW 200 of KMW.Variants, equipment, conversion kits
The Fuchs armored transport can be adapted to the respective application with various installation kits (EBS) or Rüstsatzen (RS). Due to the different basic versions (standard, radio, electronic warfare) and the various built-in conversion kits and there are more than 90 possible combination options.Combat performance upgrades
Since the introduction of the Bundeswehr, the fox was repeatedly increased combat capability (KWS). In addition to the overhaul of vehicles and material conservation various foxes were upgraded. Such were the first transport tanks with a radio SEM equipped 25/35 and have been equipped from the conversion to a 1A4 with the more powerful radio family SEM 80/90. Other vehicles also received thecrypto- and SATCOM -enabled SEM 93 and held as 1A6. In a large KWS to type 1A7 got some variants of the fox among other things, additional armor. As part of the introduction of the TPz 1A8 in 2008, among other armouring for selected vehicles, other transport tanks of this type were introduced to the latest technology. This gives the sentences lead vehicle, group car pioneers, group vehicle armored reconnaissance and Mobile Medical Team , the Command and Control Information System FAUST (guidance equipment, tactical) for network-centric operations and integration into the existing system FüInfoSys army of the armed forces. [3] with were also 2008 isolated the APC one jammer (CG20) equipped. In English as the "misery" or "Counter-IED" designated fernzündbare systems serve as protection against improvised explosive devices .The data used in the armed variants are:
TPz 1 standard
The standard version or basic model serves as a crew transport vehicle. The basic model can be supplemented with the following installation and equipment kits. The rates determine the arrangement of the equipment in and on the vehicle and the vehicle armament. Externally, the basic model on the smooth rear doors can be seen, as it has no power generator unit (SEA) and the muffler for the SEA missing 15 kW on the left side of the vehicle.EBS Armored Reconnaissance Group / hunter group with MILAN anti-tank weapon (KWS to TPz 1A4)
With this kit, the fox is a troop carrier in the armored infantry, mountain troops, fighters, reconnaissance planes and tanks in the Franco-German Brigade used. He has eight seats, mounts for weapons and equipment of the soldiers and the preparation for the weapon system MILAN .EBS Group infantry vehicle (KWS to TPz 1A4)
This kit matches the EBS group armored reconnaissance / fighter group , but without MILAN preparation.EBS Group vehicle Pioneers (KWS to TPz 1A4)
The EBS Group vehicle pioneers changed the battle space of the fox to accommodate a tank pioneer group including equipment and weapons. Sun has the Pi-fox all the necessary supports for the equipment and weaponry of the pioneers. Outwardly, this variant is in the two striking container for receiving the S-wire rollers seen on the roof and the extra entrenching tools on the vehicle.
EBS management and radio vehicle with and without 5-kW generator unit
The basic model is that with EBS to a lead vehicle. The vehicle has three folding seats, a folding table, a location map and board isolated over a portable generator unit. Externally, these vehicles can be identified by the crank for the mast as antenna on the right side of the vehicle, multiple vehicle antennas of the type FA-80 and the supports of the cable reels on the roof.EBS pioneering lead vehicle
The pioneering leadership in the vehicle meets the equipment EBS management and radio vehicle with the difference that in the interior of a safe for locking and other documents on classified documents has been installed. The unit is called PiFü Fox armored transport vehicle is the pioneer units as Pioniererkunder at divisional level and as a command vehicle for the company commander and platoon to brigade level.EBS medical group with space cooling system (KWS to TPz 1A4/A4A1)
With the EBS, the fox is equipped to an armored ambulances (KrKw). It allows up to four horizontal and two horizontal and four seated wounded and a medic will be transported to the supply. The brackets correspond to the NATO standard, which allows the inclusion of other nations such equipment. Under the Geneva Convention, the vehicle is armed.
RS radio team brigade commander with HF unit 400 watts
The conversion kit complements the Fox FüFu and is used by the armored reconnaissance troop. It differs only by an additional antenna, the additional HF radio and a large, fold-generator unit in the interior.EW TPz 1A1
This fox is the Signal Corps Electronic Warfare for electronic warfare . The transport tanks vary in appearance due to the missing flood shield, pulled down in the rear wheel arches and the missing propeller. The electronic warfare units have the equipment kits jammer 33 "Bumblebee" and the HF / VHF reconnaissance unit "finders" .The jammer of Hummel operates in multi-channel operation and is used to treat voice and data connections. The frequency is in the VHF range at 20 to 80 MHz and in the UHF range at 100 to 500 MHz. The vehicle has a 15-kW generator unit and is externally visible at the multi-antenna system on the roof.
The HF / VHF reconnaissance unit is used for targeting with radio stations. The "finder" has an extendable to twelve meter mast installation on the vehicle roof. Developed by the EADS system enables the reception of the troops in the radio frequency range of tens of kilohertz (kHz) up to 40 GHz.
Since 2007 the armed forces over a uprated combat Hummel and direction finders (KWS RMB) with improved antenna system.
TPz 1A2/A5 radio
The APC in its basic model radio has been fitted with radio equipment kits. The variants some of them have a 5-kW generator unit (SEA) in the left rear door or a room cooler. With the introduction of radios SEM 80/90 bear the name variants TPz Fuchs 1A5 . Externally, these variants are identified by the box-shaped cultivation instead of the left rear door and the missing muffler for the SEA to 15 kilowatts (kW) on the left side of the vehicle.EBS management and radio FüFu vehicle with 5-kW-SEA
This variant is used for guiding one's own troops. In contrast to the basic model has FüFu this variant a fixed generator unit in the left rear door to the increased power consumption of the radio and transmitter system in the state guarantee. He is also equipped with a crank mast antenna for the state and has the inside on folding tables, multiple radios (at least three), and a location map-board.RS PARA RASIT, armored reconnaissance radar with 5-kW-SEA
The fox with the retrofit kit armored reconnaissance radar, PARA RASIT is of the armored reconnaissance troops (since 2007 part of thearmy reconnaissance force used). It serves as a support for the patrols reconnaissance of the battlefield on the day, at night and in reduced visibility. For this, the troops in the jargon called PARA-fox on French radars DR PT 2a RASIT ( radar d'Acquisition et de Surveillance Intermédiaire ), which can be used on and taken off. Installed in the center of the vehicle, the radar antenna by three spindle drives up to 1.80 meters extended over the car top and enables the reconnaissance of individuals at distances up to 6000 meters, to groups of people up to 8000 meters for vehicles and helicopters Distances up to 20,000 meters. Furthermore, the vehicle has a vehicle navigation system, and a Zielwegschreiber, are registered with the goals and the ways in one basket.
Before the introduction of the system RASIT the battlefield radar TPS 33a served as an interim solution. The plant was able to educate individuals at a distance of 1500 meters, where vehicles could be detected up to 18,000 meters.
RS command and radio vehicle for Air Missile Operations (FüFuFlaFü) without 5-kW-SEA
The FlaFü Fuchs based on the basic model of the transport tank and features a kit FüFu the additional conversion kit Air Missile Operations (FlaFü) for the Army Air Defense reconnaissance and battlefield management system ( HFlaAFüSys ). The vehicle is used by the army air defense troops and serves to guide the cheetah . Until its dissolution and which were Roland organizations out therewith.The conversion kit FlaFü supplements the equipment to holders for additional radios and antennas Feuerleitinstrumente. Externally, these vehicles can be identified by the rectangular roof boxes and the SEA-like storage box on the left rear door.TPz 1A3/A6 (NBC reconnaissance vehicles)
The first in February 1988 and delivered NBC reconnaissance vehicles (in forces jargon as "RS Fuchs") is based on the TPz 1A3 (standard) with SEM 25/35 and are capable of radioactive and chemical contamination directly to determine the spot. The detection ofbiological weapons is not possible and is limited to the sampling.
The sensing equipment has been integrated as a retrofit kit and allowed sampling, analysis and labeling under ABC's full protection. The heart of the detector equipment is next to a Geiger counter , the detector MM-1, a miniaturized mass spectrometer combined with a gas chromatograph . In use, up to 22 contaminants are detected continuously side by side, wherein agents up to a concentration of less than a billionth of a gram (nanogram) are detectable in 30 seconds. The mass spectrometer is used by the company Bruker Daltonics from Leipzig produced.
The RS Fuchs has three modes to collect samples. When air Feel the terrain can be traversed quickly sucked while outside air and the analysis equipment is supplied. A much slower way is to feel the ground . Here, two ground reconnaissance wheels turn at the rear for possible weapons and trained to turn to a probe. For a more detailed review of the crew used the point Feel , wherein the extendable probe is used at the rear.
With the conversion to the SEM 80/90 in 1993/1994, several ABC reconnaissance vehicles were subjected to a performance increase. As the A6 ABC designated vehicles received a navigation system, while as A6A1 ABC (KWS) designated vehicles a sensor mast, the SEM 90/93 and GPS . received Moreover the sampling and storage of B samples were improved.
In order to enable the detection of biological warfare agents, Thyssen-Henschel 1994 planned a mobile biological laboratory. As the BIRD ( Biological Identification Device Refinemet called) laboratory was housed in a special cabin and loaded on the standard two-wheel trailer of the Bundeswehr. When the towing vehicle should serve reconnaissance vehicles. Since 2002, Rheinmetall Land Systems advertises on its website the under development Bio-RS Fuchs . It should close the capability gap and be able, through genetic and immunological methods detect biological agents.
TPz 1A7
Termed 1A7 armored transport were also armored with a modular protective equipment (MSA) and are equipped with the family of radios SEM 80/90 and some with room cooling systems. A total of 124 vehicles this conversion. They are mainly found in the Bundeswehr operations abroad.The protection equipment consists of the adapted additional armor type MEXAS on the outer surfaces, a shatter protection in the interior (the so-called Spall liners) and an enhanced protection against mines in the bottom area of the vehicle. The mount protection (not for medical vehicles) is not part of the protective equipment, but can be installed as retrofit kit on each fox. The vehicles are also equipped with a more powerful 6-cylinder engines from Mercedes-Benz. Through these conversions, the vehicles were heavier by about three tons and exceed the allowed width of the vehicle. Also all zusatzgepanzerten vehicles were closed to swimming mode.
From July 2003 to the end of 2006 changed Rheinmetall Land Systems, the Fox 1A7 armored transport again. This was necessary because, due to the increased gross weight, with some versions threatened an end to street legal. Under this amendment package 1received all vehicles chassis reinforcements, electro-hydraulic door operating devices, a space cooling system and other mine protection plates in the middle and rear wheel arches. The swimming propulsion and the surge plate were removed, however, making the armored 1A7 finally lost their buoyancy. These measures helped the existing operating restrictions lifted and beyond a payload reserve to be created.
The conversion to MSA Fuchs covered the following variants:
- EBS Armored Reconnaissance Group / hunter group with anti-tank weapon MILAN
- EBS Group pioneers vehicle
- EBS pioneer pilot vehicle
- EBS medical group with space cooling system
- Data processing, command support United Nations, Mobile Command Post (UN facilities)
TPz 1A8
On 20 March 2008 was the army, the first of a total of 21 vehicles (five ambulances, two guide and radio vehicles, three pioneer vehicles and eleven group vehicles) [7] with an improved protection against mines and improvised explosive devices (English Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) .) Any information obtained as a "conditional use Immediate Requirement (ESB)" vehicles were delivered in June 2008.
The main changes compared to the variant 1A7 structural change in the trays in the base region are in by another mine protection panels and shelves, decoupling of the seats from the ground, reinforcements in the wheel wells by armored steel moldings, another door reinforcements, modified disc recordings in the doors and additional storage space as well as reinforcements outdoors .On 9 Agreed in July 2010 Rheinmetall Defence and the BWB in a contract. Retrofitting another 65 TPZ Fuchs on Rüststand A8 At this time, 61 TPZ Fuchs had been upgraded to this Rüststand so that in 2012 a total of 126 Fuchs A8 in the portfolio. They are based on modifications to the type A7 fox.
The 1A8 variants are:
- TPz 1 A8A1 DVFü (Electronic Data Interchange)
- TPz 1 A8A2 SanBAT (Mobile Medical Team)
- TPz 1 A8A3 PzAufKlGrp (EBS Armored Reconnaissance Group)
- TPz 1 A8A3A1 PzAufKlGrp from FLW 200
- TPz 1 A8A4 PiGrp (EBS Group vehicle pioneers)
- TPz 1 A8A5 FüFu EOD (command and radio vehicle ordnance disposal)
- TPz A8A6 1 PARA (PARA RASIT, Panzeraufklärungsradar)
- TPz 1 A8A7 ABC (ABC reconnaissance vehicle)
- TPz 1 A8A8 KpfmRTrp (ordnance Clears Rupp)
- TPz 1 A8A9 JFSCT (Joint Fire Support Coordination Team)
- TPz 1 A8A10 KpfmBesTrp (Explosive Ordnance Disposal Squad)
- TPz 1 A8A11 BrdSchtzTrp (Fire Squad)
- TPz 1 A8A12 GRCP (German route clearance package, vehicle operator)
- TPz 1 A8A13 KAI (explosive ordnance reconnaissance and identification with manipulator for verifying and grasping of suspicious objects / weapons.)
Use and export
The NBC reconnaissance vehicles ("RS Fuchs") proved an export hit. He was the United States (Fox NBCRS, later M93A1), the United Kingdom , the Netherlands ( Koninklijke land power ), the Turkey , Saudi Arabia ( armed forces ), Israel and Venezuela sold. Two other vehicles from Bundeswehr stocks were rented for four years from 2004 to Norway. Norway planned to buy a total of six vehicles, the 2010 in the expansion stage of the 1A8 are made by Rheinmetall.
In 1991, 36 used NBC reconnaissance vehicles for a price equal to ten times the original price, sold to Saudi Arabia. Because the former producer of the vehicles that Thyssen Industrie AG Henschel, got into difficulties in delivery, the leaders of the army were stopped by the Defense Department to provide the vehicles from the collection of the Bundeswehr. Organized the sale of arms dealer Karlheinz Schreiber, the bribes paid to employees of the Department of Defense to accelerate export. The then responsible for exporting defense undersecretary Ludwig-Holger Pfahls ( CSU ) in 2005 after five years on the run because of personal gain and tax evasion, sentenced to a prison term zweieinvierteljährigen. The events of that exports constitute an episode in the CDU funding scandal and provided also for a limitation of NBC defense capability of the Bundeswehr, as the vehicles sold by their own troops no longer were available and due to the shortage of supply from the manufacturer could not be replaced in a timely manner .
In autumn 2004 it was announced that from the Bundeswehr stocks 20 Fuchs armored transport to Iraq should have been delivered. Germany wanted to help with the reconstruction of the vehicles, but the project was not implemented. So said government spokesman Bela Anda 2005 Handelsblatt: "This is obviously so because there is no longer a need on the part of the Iraqis." The delivery was not a failure on the German side: "Germany would further have been willing to, foxes' to deliver. "
Operational experience
ISAFIn Afghanistan, the TPz Fuchs was repeatedly the target of attacks and bombings.On 16 November 2008 at a were IED explosion between Kunduz and Mazar-e Sharif , a soldier seriously injured and another slightly.
In the affected fox (conversion kit CG20) it was a vehicle of EloKaBtl 932 from the Hessian Frankenberg.
On 29 April 2009, a German soldier was killed when a patrol in Kunduz fell into an ambush, while a fox (Kit Hunter Group) from a RPG anti-tank weapon was made. The soldier of the Battalion 292 was in this incident at the tail gun. Four other soldiers were injured.
On 23 June 2009, three German soldiers were killed in fighting near Kunduz when their vehicle with small arms and rocket-propelled grenades were fired. The exact circumstances of his death are not yet officially released. It is, however, now believe that the crew drowned or possibly injured himself in a fall in a ditch with the vehicle fatal. Known radical Islamic Taliban for the attack.
Outlook
The TPz Fuchs is from 2009 by the variant EBS Group vehicle, infantry and EBS command and radio vehicle Boxer and be replaced.The version of (para) with the armored reconnaissance radar Rasit the fox is from 2012 by the ATF Dingo with the new radar system BÜR replaced. Because of its reliability and popularity with the troops as well as lack of alternatives for certain types the last vehicles are likely to remain currently scheduled until 2025.Fox 2
The Fox 2 is a further development of Rheinmetall Land Systems. Outwardly it resembles a fox 1, but it has undergone some performance improvements. He owns one of four increased to eight tonnes of cargo, a Euro III diesel engine with 315 kW MTU, an ergonomically improved battle space, a digital electrical system, a tire pressure control system and an improved braking system. The armor can be equipped with a modular design to the respective necessary protection concept.In October 2007, the U.S. Army signed a contract to upgrade 18 of its provisional 123 fox-1 tanks. Also for the Bundeswehr upgrading of 37 vehicles was provided on fox second The project has not been implemented for the benefit of the combat efficiency program POD shield the first.
Another user, the United Arab Emirates . After an international comparison, the Federation decided in February 2005 to purchase 32 vehicles. Rheinmetall delivered until 2009 16 armored reconnaissance vehicle for nuclear and chemical weapons, eight armored reconnaissance vehicle for biological warfare agents and eight Fox 2 as a Mobile Command Post.The total cost was 160 million euros, and include training and technical assistance.
